1. νμ¬ (Parts of Speech) - λ¨μ΄μ μν
μμ΄μλ 8κ°μ§ νμ¬κ° μμ΄μ. κ° νμ¬λ λ¬Έμ₯μμ νΉμ ν μν μ ν΄μ.
β λͺ μ¬ (Noun) - μ¬λ, μ₯μ, μ¬λ¬Ό, κ°λ μ λνλ΄λ λ¨μ΄
λͺ μ¬λ μ΄λ¦μ κ°μ§ λͺ¨λ κ²μ λ§ν΄μ.
μμ:
- μ¬λ: teacher(μ μλ), Tom(ν°)
- μ₯μ: school(νκ΅), Paris(ν리)
- μ¬λ¬Ό: book(μ± ), phone(μ νκΈ°)
- κ°λ : happiness(ν볡), love(μ¬λ)
β λͺ μ¬μ μ’ λ₯
- λ³΄ν΅ λͺ μ¬ (Common noun) → μΌλ°μ μΈ κ² (dog, city, car)
- κ³ μ λͺ μ¬ (Proper noun) → νΉμ ν μ΄λ¦ (Seoul, Alice)
- μ μ μλ λͺ μ¬ (Countable noun) → κ°μλ₯Ό μ μ μμ (apple, chair)
- μ μ μλ λͺ μ¬ (Uncountable noun) → κ°μλ₯Ό μ μ μμ (water, air)
β‘ λλͺ μ¬ (Pronoun) - λͺ μ¬λ₯Ό λμ νλ λ¨μ΄
λλͺ μ¬λ λͺ μ¬λ₯Ό λ°λ³΅νμ§ μκΈ° μν΄ μ¬μ©ν΄μ.
μμ:
- μΈμΉλλͺ μ¬ (Personal pronoun): I(λ), you(λ), he(κ·Έ), she(κ·Έλ ), it(κ·Έκ²), we(μ°λ¦¬), they(κ·Έλ€)
- μμ λλͺ μ¬ (Possessive pronoun): mine(λ΄ κ²), yours(λμ κ²)
- μ§μλλͺ μ¬ (Demonstrative pronoun): this(μ΄κ²), that(μ κ²), these(μ΄κ²λ€), those(μ κ²λ€)
μλ¬Έ:
- Tom is my friend. He is very kind. (Tom λμ He μ¬μ©)
- This is my book. That is yours.
β’ λμ¬ (Verb) - νλμ΄λ μνλ₯Ό λνλ΄λ λ¨μ΄
λμ¬λ 무μμ νλ€ λλ μ΄λ€ μνμ΄λ€λ₯Ό ννν΄μ.
μμ:
- νλ: run(λ¬λ¦¬λ€), eat(λ¨Ήλ€), read(μ½λ€)
- μν: be(μ΄λ€), seem(보μ΄λ€), exist(μ‘΄μ¬νλ€)
β λμ¬μ μ’ λ₯
- μΌλ° λμ¬ (Action verb) → λμμ λνλ (play, study, write)
- μ‘°λμ¬ (Auxiliary verb) → λμ¬λ₯Ό λμμ€ (can, will, must)
- λΉλμ¬ (Be verb) → μνλ₯Ό λνλ (am, is, are, was, were)
μλ¬Έ:
- She runs fast. (κ·Έλ λ 빨리 λ¬λ¦°λ€.)
- I am a student. (λλ νμμ΄λ€.)
β£ νμ©μ¬ (Adjective) - λͺ μ¬λ₯Ό κΎΈλ©°μ£Όλ λ¨μ΄
νμ©μ¬λ **μ΄λ€? μ΄λ€ μν?**λ₯Ό μ€λͺ ν΄ μ€μ.
μμ:
- big(ν°), small(μμ), happy(ν볡ν), blue(νλ)
μλ¬Έ:
- I have a big dog. (λλ ν° κ°λ₯Ό ν€μ΄λ€.)
- She is happy. (κ·Έλ λ ν볡νλ€.)
β€ λΆμ¬ (Adverb) - λμ¬, νμ©μ¬, λ€λ₯Έ λΆμ¬λ₯Ό κΎΈλ©°μ£Όλ λ¨μ΄
λΆμ¬λ **μ΄λ»κ²? μΌλ§λ? μΈμ ? μ΄λμ?**λ₯Ό μ€λͺ ν΄μ.
μμ:
- quickly(빨리), very(λ§€μ°), well(μ), now(μ§κΈ)
μλ¬Έ:
- She runs quickly. (κ·Έλ λ 빨리 λ¬λ¦°λ€.)
- It is very hot. (μ λ§ λ₯λ€.)
β₯ μ μΉμ¬ (Preposition) - λͺ μ¬ μμ μμ μ₯μ, μκ°, λ°©ν₯ λ±μ λνλ΄λ λ¨μ΄
μ μΉμ¬λ λͺ μ¬λ λλͺ μ¬μ ν¨κ» μ¬μ©λλ©°, μμΉλ κ΄κ³λ₯Ό μ€λͺ ν΄μ.
μμ:
- μ₯μ: in(μμ), on(μμ), under(μλμ)
- μκ°: at 5 o’clock(5μμ), on Monday(μμμΌμ)
- λ°©ν₯: to(…λ‘), from(…μμ)
μλ¬Έ:
- The book is on the table. (μ± μ΄ μ± μ μμ μλ€.)
- I was born in 2010. (λλ 2010λ μ νμ΄λ¬λ€.)
β¦ μ μμ¬ (Conjunction) - λ¨μ΄λ λ¬Έμ₯μ μ°κ²°νλ λ¨μ΄
μ μμ¬λ λ κ° μ΄μμ λ¨μ΄λ λ¬Έμ₯μ μ°κ²°νλ μν μ ν΄μ.
μμ:
- λ±μμ μμ¬ (and, but, or)
- μ’ μμ μμ¬ (because, if, when)
β§ κ°νμ¬ (Interjection) - κ°μ μ νννλ λ¨μ΄
κ°νμ¬λ λλ, κΈ°μ¨, μ¬ν λ±μ κ°μ μ λνλ΄μ.
μμ:
- Oh!(μ€!)
- Wow!(μ!)
- Ouch!(μμΌ!)
μλ¬Έ:
- Wow! This cake is delicious! (μ! μ΄ μΌμ΄ν¬ λ§μλ€!)
- Oh no! I lost my phone. (μ€ μ λΌ! λ΄ ν°μ μμ΄λ²λ Έμ΄.)
μ 리: νμ¬μ μν
νμ¬ | μν | μμ |
λͺ μ¬ (Noun) | μ¬λ, μ¬λ¬Ό, μ₯μ, κ°λ | book, school, happiness |
λλͺ μ¬ (Pronoun) | λͺ μ¬λ₯Ό λμ νλ λ¨μ΄ | he, she, it, they |
λμ¬ (Verb) | νλμ΄λ μνλ₯Ό λνλ | run, eat, be |
νμ©μ¬ (Adjective) | λͺ μ¬λ₯Ό κΎΈλ©°μ€ | big, happy, blue |
λΆμ¬ (Adverb) | λμ¬, νμ©μ¬, λ€λ₯Έ λΆμ¬λ₯Ό κΎΈλ©°μ€ | quickly, very, well |
μ μΉμ¬ (Preposition) | λͺ μ¬ μμμ μμΉ, μκ°, λ°©ν₯μ λνλ | in, on, at |
μ μμ¬ (Conjunction) | λ¨μ΄λ λ¬Έμ₯μ μ°κ²°ν¨ | and, but, because |
κ°νμ¬ (Interjection) | κ°μ μ ννν¨ | Oh!, Wow!, Ouch! |
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