๋ณธ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ

๋ฐ˜์‘ํ˜•

๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ „์ฒด๋ณด๊ธฐ

ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค “๋™์‚ฌ + -ing” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ (Present Participle)๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ (Gerund)์—ญํ• ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ (๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ์คŒ)๋ช…์‚ฌ (์ฃผ์–ด, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด, ๋ณด์–ด ์—ญํ• )๋œป"…ํ•˜๋Š”, …ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”" (๋Šฅ๋™์  ์˜๋ฏธ)"…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ" (๋™์ž‘ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธ)๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‚ด ์œ„์น˜๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž, ๋ณด์–ด ์ž๋ฆฌ, ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด, ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด1. ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ (Present Participle) → ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์—ญํ• โœ… ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฏธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•(be + ~ing)์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋จโœ” ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ โ‘ : ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐThe running man is very fast.(๋›ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค.)I saw a sleeping baby.(์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ .. ๋”๋ณด๊ธฐ
์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์‹œํ—˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ 3๋‹จ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ‘œ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์‹œํ—˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ 3๋‹จ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ‘œ์›ํ˜• (Base Form)๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• (Past Simple)๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ (Past Participle)๋œปbewas / werebeen~์ด๋‹ค, ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋‹คhavehadhad๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹คdodiddoneํ•˜๋‹คgowentgone๊ฐ€๋‹คcomecamecome์˜ค๋‹คmakemademade๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹คtaketooktaken๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋‹ค, ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋‹คgivegavegiven์ฃผ๋‹คseesawseen๋ณด๋‹คknowknewknown์•Œ๋‹คthinkthoughtthought์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹คsaysaidsaid๋งํ•˜๋‹คtelltoldtold๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋‹คfindfoundfound์ฐพ๋‹ค, ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋‹คfeelfeltfelt๋А๋ผ๋‹คleaveleftleft๋– ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋‹คputputput๋†“๋‹คbringbroughtbrought๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋‹คbuyboughtbought์‚ฌ๋‹คsits.. ๋”๋ณด๊ธฐ
๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๐Ÿ“Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ฑ๋ถ„: ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด, ๋ณด์–ด, ์„œ์ˆ ์–ด์ฃผ์–ด (Subject): ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋™๋ฌผ, ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ, ๋™์ž‘์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.์˜ˆ: She is reading a book.์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ "She"๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ, ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.๋™์‚ฌ (Verb): ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.์˜ˆ: She is reading a book.์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ "is reading"์€ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.๋ชฉ์ ์–ด (Object): ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ†ต ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.์˜ˆ: She is reading a book.์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ "a book"์€ "reading"์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.๋ณด์–ด (C.. ๋”๋ณด๊ธฐ
ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ + ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ/ to ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ๐Ÿ”น ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ(Gerund) vs. to๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ(Infinitive)์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ(~ing)์™€ to๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ(to + ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜•)๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ๋‹ฌ๋ผ!1๏ธโƒฃ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ( ~ing)๋งŒ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌโžก ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์„ "์ด๋ฏธ ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋А๋‚Œโžก ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ์Šต๊ด€, ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋จโœ” enjoy (์ฆ๊ธฐ๋‹ค) → I enjoy swimming. (๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ์ฆ๊ธด๋‹ค.)โœ” finish (๋๋‚ด๋‹ค) → He finished reading the book. (๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฑ… ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.)โœ” mind (๊บผ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค) → Do you mind opening the window? (์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ์—ฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ์ด๋‹ˆ?)โœ” avoid (ํ”ผํ•˜๋‹ค) → She avoided meeting him. .. ๋”๋ณด๊ธฐ
์ฃผ๊ฒฉ๋ณด์–ด ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ๋ณด์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๋ฐ?์ฃผ๊ฒฉ๋ณด์–ด๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํƒœ์ธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์ด์•ผ.๐Ÿ’ก ๋ณดํ†ต be๋™์‚ฌ(is, am, are, was, were) ๋’ค์— ๋‚˜์™€!๐Ÿ“Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธโœ” This movie is scary. → "์ด ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ."โœ” She is kind. → "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์นœ์ ˆํ•ด."โœ” The cake looks delicious. → "๊ทธ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋Š” ๋ง›์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด์—ฌ."๐Ÿ”น ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ๋ณด์–ด์—๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ(scary, kind, delicious) ๋‚˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ(teacher, artist, doctor)๊ฐ€ ์™€!์ •๋ฆฌ!โœ” "scary"๋Š” "์ด ์˜ํ™”"๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์ด์•ผ.โœ” be๋™์‚ฌ(is) ๋’ค์— ๋‚˜์™”์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ๋ณด์–ด์•ผ!โœ” ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ๋ณด์–ด๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์ด์•ผ."She is a great artist." ์—์„œ **"a great artist"**๋Š” .. ๋”๋ณด๊ธฐ
ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ(Adjective) vs. ๋ถ€์‚ฌ(Adverb) ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋ฒ• ๐Ÿ“Œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ(Adjective) vs. ๋ถ€์‚ฌ(Adverb) ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋ฒ•ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด! ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด. ๐Ÿ˜Š1๏ธโƒฃ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ (Adjective)๋ž€?โœ” ๋ช…์‚ฌ(Noun)๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋งโœ” ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•จโœ” ๋ณดํ†ต ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์ด๋‚˜, ๋ณด์–ด(์ฃผ๊ฒฉ๋ณด์–ด·SC)๋กœ ์“ฐ์ž„๐Ÿ“Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธShe has a beautiful voice. (→ voice๋ผ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ์คŒ)This movie is scary. (→ be๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด(movie)๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•จ)He looks tired. (→ look ๋’ค์— ์™€์„œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•จ)๐Ÿ“Œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ์œ„์น˜โœ” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž → a big house, a delicious cak.. ๋”๋ณด๊ธฐ
๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ์™€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ (Active Voice) vs ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ (Passive Voice) ์„ค๋ช…์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ์™€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โœ” ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ (Active Voice): ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ•จโœ” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ (Passive Voice): ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋‹นํ•จ1. ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ (Active Voice)[์ฃผ์–ด + ๋™์‚ฌ + ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด] ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ, ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ง์ ‘ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โœ… ์˜ˆ๋ฌธThe cat chased the mouse.(๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์ซ“์•˜๋‹ค.)She wrote a letter.(๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ผ๋‹ค.)โœ” ์ฃผ์–ด(the cat, she)๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ง์ ‘ ํ•จ!2. ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ (Passive Voice)๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.[์ฃผ์–ด + be ๋™์‚ฌ + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ + (by + .. ๋”๋ณด๊ธฐ
๊ด€์‚ฌ - ์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ The, ๋ถ€์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ A, An ๊ด€์‚ฌ (Articles)์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ๋†“์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ์ง€, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋Š” **์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ (the)**์™€ ๋ถ€์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ (a, an) ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.1. ์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ (The)**์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ (the)**๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.์‚ฌ์šฉ ์˜ˆ์‹œ:"I saw the movie last night." (๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ดค๋‹ค.)์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ "the movie"๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."The cat is on the roof." (๊ทธ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ถ•์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.)ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.์ฃผ์˜ํ•  ์ :์ด๋ฏธ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์ƒ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„.. ๋”๋ณด๊ธฐ